从2021年全年情况看，随着国内外疫苗接种逐步推进，市场供需关系得到日益改善，企业生产经营持续好转，行业质效水平逐步提升。但由于出口货柜紧张、运费飙升，生产成本不断增加，企业流动资金短缺等不利影响，行业经济运行仍面临较大压力。2021年丝绸行业主要经济指标对比情况见表2。
1.3 丝绸贸易情况
1.3.1 丝绸内销市场稳步回暖
据国家商务部监测，2021年全国50家丝绸样本企业销售额为31.35亿元，同比增长24.91%。其中，真丝绸缎销售额12.28亿元，同比增长46.15%；家纺产品销售额11.81亿元，同比增长14.72%；真丝服装销售额3.79亿元，同比增长9.57%；服饰销售额2.23亿元，同比增长3.54%；其他产品销售额1.25亿元，同比增长56.57%。从分月份销售数据看（图5），除2月份销售额1.79亿元之外，其余月份的销售额都在2.50亿元以上，2021年月平均销售额同比增长24.91%，显示出丝绸内销市场逐步得到恢复。
1.3.2 真丝绸商品出口强劲反弹
据中国海关统计，2021年全国真丝绸商品出口金额13.49亿美元，同比增长25.95%。相对于过去三年连续下滑，丝类、真丝绸缎和丝绸制成品等三大类商品出口金额均实现止跌回升。其中，丝类产品出口金额2.67亿美元，同比增长9.52%；真丝绸缎出口金额3.94亿美元，同比增长45.25%；丝绸制成品出口金额6.89亿美元，同比增长23.75%（图6）。在出口单价方面，丝类产品和真丝绸缎的出口单价也都实现不同程度增长，丝类的出口单价46.41美元/kg，同比增长5.53%；真丝绸缎的出口单价6.12美元/m，同比增长24.39%。
1）对主销市场出口逐步回暖。2021年二季度以来，国内真丝绸商品出口形势开始明显回暖，对欧盟、美国等主销市场出口增幅不断扩大，加上2020年出口基数较低，排名前十位的出口市场出口金额基本都实现两位数增长。其中，对欧盟和美国分别出口37263.80万美元和24751.95万美元，合计出口金额占总额比重为45.97%，同比分别增长20.98%和19.47%，仍然是中国真丝绸商品主要出口市场。中国香港、日本、印度位列第3、第4、第5位，出口金额分别为11734.75万美元、9750.80万美元和7470.73万美元，同比分别增长31.19%、25.41%和7.94%。对英国、巴基斯坦和马来西亚出口金额增幅较大，分别增长47.05%、52.71%和174.06%（表3）。
从出口产品类别来看，丝类产品方面，欧盟、印度、日本、越南、美国位列前五，出口金额分别为10981.20万美元、4434.51万美元、3679.48万美元、1050.30万美元、919.00万美元；欧盟、日本和美国同比分别增长13.13%、39.17%、13.07%，印度和越南同比分别下降10.79%、11.20%。真丝绸缎类产品方面，排名前五位的国家和地区为欧盟、中国香港、巴基斯坦、印度和斯里兰卡，出口金额分别为1012.32万美元、5171.05万美元、4637.87万美元、3007.11万美元和2284.96万美元，同比分别增长41.07%、47.40%、60.58%、59.81%、68.28%。除土耳其同比下降4.81%外，其他国家和地区同比均实现大幅增长。丝绸服装及制品方面，美国、欧盟、中国香港、英国和日本排名前五位，对美国出口金额23133.34万美元，同比增长19.08%；对欧盟出口16159.44万美元，同比增长16.09%；对中国香港出口6 402.26万美元，同比增长21.16%；对英国出口4832.45万美元，同比增长42.87%；对日本出口4739.80万美元，同比增长16.73%。
2） 主要省市出口复苏向好。2021年全国各省市真丝绸商品的出口金额同比普遍增长，排名情况见表4。在出口金额前十的省（区、市）中，浙江、江苏、广东、上海、山东等省市的出口金额超过1亿美元。其中，浙江仍然稳居首位，出口金额47199.16万美元，同比增长20.15%，总额占比34.99%；江苏位列第二，出口23008.46万美元，同比增长23.69%，总额占比17.06%；广东出口金额14942.51万美元，同比增长16.42%，总额占比11.08%。排名第7、第8和第9位的福建、河南和青海三省，真丝绸商品出口金额较2020年实现大幅增长，同比分别增长270.37%、120.98%和208.88%。
1.4 茧丝交易市场情况
2021年初以来，随着全球新冠肺炎疫情整体趋于缓和，国内外丝绸市场刚性需求逐渐恢复，加上部分地区蚕茧产量减产和企业囤货惜售影响，原料供应持续偏紧，茧丝价格稳步攀升。截至2021年5月底，干茧和生丝（4A级）的价格分别达到14.84万元/t和44.97万元/t，较上年底分别上涨36.90%和36.89%。2021年5月31日，国家商务部发布公告公开放储900.49 t储备厂丝，及时抑制了国内茧丝价格的非理性上涨。下半年，干茧和生丝价格横向窄幅波动，走势相对平稳。截至2021年12月底，干茧、生丝（4A级）价格分别为14.85万元/t和45.00万元/t，较年初分别增长25.53、24.07%，市场活力不断显现，见图7、图8。
（来源：《丝绸》）
Since 2021, faced with the combined influence of the unprecedented changes in the world in a century and the COVID-19 pandemic, China’s silk industry has overcome many difficulties, continuously advanced the supply-side structural reform, and worked hard to mitigate various risks. As a result, industrial production has been basically stable, economic benefits have been continuously improved, domestic and foreign trade has resumed growth, and market vitality has gradually increased, which marks a good start in the 14th Five-Year Plan and plays an important role in stabilizing the economy, improving people’s livelihood, ensuring employment and preventing risks.
1.1 Industrial production status
According to the National Bureau of Statistics, the output of major products of enterprises above designated size was roughly stable in 2021. Among the major products, the output of silk products was 47,600 tons, deceasing by 7.83% year on year. Among the silk products, the output of satin was 386.32 million m, down by 2.33% year on year, while the output of spun silk and silk quilts was 3,103 t and 13.4 million pieces, respectively, with a year-on-year rise of 1.60% and 2.33%.
Judging from the output of major silk products of various provinces and cities in 2021 (Tab.1), although the output of silk in Guangxi decreased by 14.73% year on year, it still accounted for 1/3 of the total output in China, ranking first among the major silk producing provinces. Silk production in Sichuan, Jiangsu and Zhejiang provinces increased slightly while the output of silk in Henan and Shaanxi increased by 26.21% and 31.82%, respectively. Among the top five provinces regarding the production of pure silk and satin, Sichuan, with the largest proportion, saw a year-on-year decline of 12.43%, while the other four provinces and cities achieved positive growth, with Jiangxi seeing the largest growth with a year-on-year rise of 49.24%. The five provinces of Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangxi and Hunan with an annual output of more than one million pieces of silk quilts all achieved different degrees of growth on a yearly basis. Compared with Jiangsu and Zhejiang, Henan, Jiangxi, and Hunan had larger growth rates, with a year-on-year increase of 271.07%, 46.50%, and 63.58%, respectively.
1.2 Economic benefits
1.2.1 Industrial economic rebound continues
In 2021, the silk enterprises above designated size in China reported an operating income of RMB68.259 billion and a total profit of RMB3.299 billion, with a year-on-year growth of 10.45% and 74.30%, respectively, the National Bureau of Statistics said. As for silk reeling, silk weaving, and silk dyeing, the operating income reached RMB26.442 billion, RMB33.63 billion and RMB8.188 billion, up by 9.14%, 7.69% and 29.00%, respectively year on year; the profits amounted to RMB1.283 billion, 1.444 billion and RMB572 million, up by 7.69%, 29.64%, and 42.91% respectively year on year. Related information is as shown in Fig.1 and Fig.2.
Seen from the change of operating income of the silk industry from January to December 2021, the growth remained basically stable, with a year-on-year growth rate of 22.98 percentage points, as shown in Fig.3. In terms of industry profits, affected by the rebound of the export market, the effective recovery of the domestic market and the continuous rise of silk prices, the industry profit in the first half of 2021 showed a rapid growth trend. Despite the fall in the second half of 2021, the profit growth rate at the end of the year still achieved an increase of 50.28 percentage points compared to the beginning of the year, and the annual growth rate increased by 111.94 percentage points against the previous year, as shown in Fig.4.
1.2.2 Continuous improvement in the quality and efficiency of industry operation
In 2021, there were 138 loss-making enterprises above designated size in the silk industry, 97 fewer than that in 2020, and the total loss of loss-making enterprises read RMB332 million, down by 62.81% year on year. The scale of losses was 23.51%, down by 13.15 percentage points compared with the same period in 2020. The scale of losses was obviously narrowed, but it was still 6.38 percentage points higher than the average level of the textile industry. Enterprise inventory and management cost read RMB14.359 billion and RMB2.247 billion, with a respective year-on-year growth of 12.18% and 5.37%, while enterprise sales expenses and financial expenses were figured at RMB993 million and RMB810 million, with a respective year-on-year decline of 5.29% and 11.71%. In 2021, the proportion of the three expenses for silk enterprises was 6.63%, down by 0.70 percentage points year on year. The turnover rate of finished products was 8.27 times/year, which was 1.40% faster than that of the same period in 2020. The total asset turnover rate was 1.07 times/year, which was 2.25% faster than the same period in 2020.
Judging from the situation throughout 2021, with the gradual advancement of vaccination at home and abroad, the market supply and demand was increasingly improved, the production and operation of enterprises continued to improve, and the quality and efficiency level of the industry was gradually enhanced. Nevertheless, due to the shortage of export containers, soaring freight, increasing production costs, enterprise liquidity shortage and other adverse effects, the economic operation of the industry was still facing great pressure. The comparison of main economic indicators of the silk industry in 2021 is shown in Tab. 2.
1.3 Silk trade situation
1.3.1 The domestic silk market picked up steadily
According to the monitoring of the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China, the sales of 50 sample silk enterprises in 2021 read RMB3.135 billion, a year-on-year growth of 24.91%. To be specific, the sales of silk satin, home textile products, silk garments, accessories and other products were figured at RMB1.228 billion, RMB1.181 billion, RMB379 million, and RMB223 million, respectively, with a respective year-on-year increase of 46.15%, 14.72%, 9.57%, 3.54% and 56.57%. According to the monthly sales (Fig.5), except for the sales of RMB179 million in February, the sales of other months all exceeded RMB250 million. In 2021, the average monthly sales volume increased by 24.91% year on year, showing that the silk domestic sales market gradually recovered.
1.3.2 The silk commodity exports witnessed a robust rebound
1.4 Market situation of cocoon and silk trading
Since the beginning of 2021, with the overall easing of the COVID-19 pandemic, the rigid demand of domestic and foreign silk markets gradually recovered. In addition, due to the reduction of cocoon production in some areas and enterprises’ hoarding, the supply of raw materials remained tight, and the price of cocoon silk steadily increased. As of the end of May 2021, the prices of dried cocoons and raw silk (grade 4A) had reached 148,400 yuan/t and 449,700 yuan/t, respectively, up by 36.90% and 36.89% from the end of last year. On May 31, 2021, the Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China issued a public announcement on releasing the 900.49 t reserved to the market, which promptly curbed the irrational rise of domestic cocoon and silk prices. In the second half of the year, the prices of dry cocoon and raw silk remained relatively stable, fluctuating within a narrow range. By the end of December 2021, the prices of dried cocoons and raw silk (grade 4A) were 148,500 yuan/t and 450,000 yuan/t respectively, which increased by 25.53% and 24.07% respectively compared with the beginning of the year. The market vitality was constantly spurred. The above-mentioned information is as shown in Fig. 7 and Fig. 8.
(Source: Journal of Silk)
表1 2021年各省市丝绸主要产品产量情况
Tab.1 The output of main silk products in various provinces and cities in 2021
注：资料来自国家统计局
表2 2021年丝绸行业主要经济指标变化情况
Tab.2 The changes in the main economic indicators of the silk industry in 2021
注：资料来自国家统计局
表3 2021年中国真丝绸商品主销市场出口情况
Tab.3 The export information of the major export markets of China’s silk products in 2021
注：资料来自中国海关
表4 2021年各省市真丝绸商品出口情况
Tab.4 The export information of silk products in various provinces and cities of China in 2021
注:资料来自中国海关
图1 2021年规模以上丝绸企业营业收入情况
Fig.1 Operating income of enterprises above the designated size in 2021
图2 2021年丝绸行业各子行业利润情况
Fig.2 Profits of various sub-industries regarding silk in 2021
图3 2021年1-12月丝绸行业营业收入增速情况
Fig.3 The growth status of operating income in the silk industry from January to December of 2021
图4 2021年1-12月丝绸行业利润增速情况
Fig.4 The growth status of profits in the silk industry from January to December of 2021
图5 2021年丝绸内销金额月度情况
Fig.5 Monthly amount of domestic silk sales in 2021
图6 2021年真丝绸主要商品出口金额情况
Fig.6 The export value of major silk products in 2021
图7 2021年1-12月干茧价格走势
Fig.7 The price trend of dried cocoons from January to December of 2021
图8 2021年1-12月4A级生丝价格走势
Fig.8 The price trend of 4A-class raw silk from January to December of 2021
《ISU NEWS》
第3期目录
Agenda: 2022 International Think Tank Forum on Silk High-Quality Development and the ISU Chairman Meeting
议程：2022丝绸高质量发展国际智库论坛暨国际丝绸联盟主席会议
The 26th International Sericulture Commission Congress is Held in Romania
第26届国际蚕业委员会大会在罗马尼亚召开
Progress of the Strategic Research and Consulting Project of “Silk Industry High-quality Development” of Chinese Academy of Engineering
中国工程院“丝绸高质量发展”战略研究与咨询项目调研进展
2022 Silk Road Week Opens at China National Silk Museum in Hangzhou
2022丝绸之路周主场活动在中国丝绸博物馆举行
The 2022 Boao International Summit on the Origin of World Silk Kicks off in Gaoping District, Nanchong
2022世界丝绸源点·博鳌国际峰会在南充市高坪区举行
ZHAO Feng is Elected ICOM Executive Board Member at the 37th General Assembly with the Highest Vote
赵丰最高票当选国际博协第37届执行委员会委员
A Chinese Research Team Draws the First Super Pan-genome Map of the Silkworm
中国研究团队完成家蚕超级泛基因组图谱绘制
Analysis on Operation of Chinese Silk Industry in 2021
中国丝绸行业2021年运行分析
The ITMF Annual Conference 2022 is Held in Switzerland
2022国际纺联年会在瑞士召开
Hermès Silk Supply Chain: Impacts on Biodiversity
爱马仕发布《丝绸供应链对生物多样性的影响报告》
EBN Speeds up the R&D and Application of Activated Silk™ Technology
美国绿色化学品公司加快Activated Silk™技术的研发与应用
INTERSOIE France Profiles
法国丝绸协会简介
返回搜狐，查看更多